Discussion for Elixir or Snake Oil: Revisiting the Debate over Computers in Education.


For each of the issues to be discussed at CSCL 1999, we have primed the discussion with one or two representative quotes from the "critical literature" (see the bibliography page on this site). We invite you to send in your response to this issue. You need not, of course, respond directly to the particular quotes that we have chosen if there are other issues that you feel are more important or interesting; and you are welcome to send something in even if you don't necessarily plan to attend the CSCL conference. We will act as moderators for the discussion and update this site regularly prior to the conference.


1. That computational environments lead to destructive social patterns in classrooms, or poor social development among children.

"Certain patterns of gender difference in computer learning have already been well documented; others are emerging as the technology and its applications change (for example, towards more networked and interactive computer-based media). Instead of wishing that girls (or other nondominant peoples) behave more like technophilic (especially western) boys in their approaches to computer learning and human-computer interactions, or dismissing gender differences on either pre- or post-feminist grounds, would it not be better to pay attention to these subtle, aesthetic, emotional, and political factors? And better still to redesign interfaces, rewrite manuals, reorient pedagogical approaches, and broaden computer applications to suit the aesthetics, expressive styles, and epistemophilic modalities of those many computer users who are uninterested in or alienated from western rationality and its narcissistic, 'technotopian' fantasies of reproducing, controlling, and submitting to a digital second self? By acknowledging ambiguity, ambivalence, and heterogeneity in the meanings and experiences associated with computers, it may be more possible to counteract the militaristic and 'cyberauthoritarian' biases which are undeniably part of the history of this technology, though not necessarily determinant of its pluripotential futures. "

-- from Zoe Sofia, "The Mythic Machine", in Bromley and Apple (eds.), Education/Technology/Power

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Barry Kort, The Orenda Project

Posted: 12/2/99

One of the more imaginative research projects underway is Roz Picard's work on Affective Computing at the MIT Media Lab.

The goal of this work is to develop the next generation of computer interfaces which are aware of and responsive to the affective emotional state of the user.

I'm especially interested in educational software that incorporates "emotional intelligence" -- the ability to sense and reason about the emotional state of the learner and to adapt intelligently to optimize the learning experience.

Thus if the user is bored, confused, anxious, bewildered, puzzled, frustrated, or otherwise distresse, the system will make appropriate adjustments and adaptations to bring the user back into the "zone of flow" where the learner is otpimally eng

There is much work to do, both in the sensing technology and in the integration and modeling of affective cues to form a reliable assessment of the user's emotional state.

Then there is the "wisdom" part which maps the affective assessment into "best practices" for responding and adapting to the learner's unmet needs.

I expect this work to evolve over several decades before it matures into a seasoned product.


Rich Fletcher, MIT Media Lab

Posted: 12/3/99

How do you define "computer"? A keyboard, monitor, and mouse?